Grassoline for frequent fryers

 In 2024, SAF production is likely to meet just 0.53% of the demand for aviation fuel. (Air bp)


Crucially, although global SAF production is expected to further triple to 1.85bn litres in 2024 (0.53% of aviation fuel’s estimated requirement), IATA adds that approximately 85% of SAF facilities coming online over the next five years will utilise HEFA technology: relying on already-limited supplies of animal fats, industrial grease and used cooking oil. Although funding to certify or scale SAF production using a myriad of other feedstocks – including agricultural residues, ethanol, municipal waste and even used tyres – is ongoing worldwide, the prevalent preference for HEFA does pose a question. With used cooking oil synonymous with fried food, just how many chips would we need to eat to feed our appetite for sustainable aviation fuel?

Turning chip oil into fuel is, after all, nothing new: in 2018, McDonalds alone estimated it collected approximately 618,000 litres of used oil from 165 London branches, which was converted into approximately 532,000 litres of biodiesel. The American fast food giant took things a step further in 2019, when five onsite restaurants at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport partnered with fuel supplier Neste to turn its oil into ‘low-emission renewable fuels such as SAF’. However, used cooking oil contributed to over 50% of the UK’s renewable road-based transport fuel in 2023, with the DfT noting: “In particular, we are conscious of the possibility that high levels of HEFA use in aviation could lead to diversion of feedstocks that could be used in a more efficient manner to produce biodiesel for difficult to decarbonise road transport modes”.

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